一文教会你如何使用 iLogtail SPL 处理日志
off999 2025-01-21 20:37 35 浏览 0 评论
随着流式处理的发展,出现了越来越多的工具和语言,使得数据处理变得更加高效、灵活和易用。在此背景下,SLS 推出了 SPL(SLS Processing Language) 语法,以此统一查询、端上处理、数据加工等的语法,保证了数据处理的灵活性。iLogtail 作为日志、时序数据采集器,在 2.0 版本中,全面支持了 SPL 。本文对处理插件进行了梳理,介绍了如何编写 SPL 语句,从插件处理模式迁移到 2.0 版本的 SPL 处理模式,帮助用户实现更加灵活的端上数据处理。
SPL
Cloud Native
iLogtail 一共支持 3 种处理模式。
- 原生插件模式:由 C++ 实现的原生插件,性能最强。
- 拓展插件模式:由 Go 实现的拓展插件,提供了丰富的生态,足够灵活。
- SPL 模式:随着 iLogtail 2.0 在 C++ 处理插件中支持了 SPL 的处理能力,对数据处理能力带来了很大的提升,兼顾性能与灵活性。用户只需要编写 SPL 语句,即可以利用 SPL 的计算能力,完成对数据的处理。SPL 语法可以参考:https://help.aliyun.com/zh/sls/user-guide/spl-syntax/
特点 | 开发门槛 | |
原生插件 |
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扩展插件 |
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SPL |
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总的来说,iLogtail 2.0 + SPL 主要有以下的优势:
- 统一数据处理语言:对于同样一种格式的数据,用户可以在不同场景中使用同一种语言进行处理,提高了数据处理的效率
- 查询处理更高效:SPL 对弱结构化数据友好,同时 SPL 主要算子由 C++ 实现,接近 iLogtail 1.X 版本的原生性能
- 丰富的工具和函数:SPL 提供了丰富的内置函数和算子,用户可以更加灵活地进行组合
- 简单易学:SPL 属于一种低代码语言,用户可以快速上手,日志搜索、处理一气呵成
接下来,本文将介绍如何用灵活的 SPL 语句,实现其他两种处理模式相同的处理能力。
原生插件对比
Cloud Native
正则解析
根据正则提取提取字段。输入 Nginx 格式:
127.0.0.1 - - [07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800] "POST /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog" 0.024 18204 200 37 "-" "aliyun-sdk-java"原有插件:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtal/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_parse_regex_native
SourceKey: content
Regex: ([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"
Keys:
- ip
- time
- method
- url
- request_time
- request_length
- status
- length
- ref_url
- browser
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| parse-regexp content, '([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"' as ip, time, method, url, request_time, request_length, status, length, ref_url, browser
| project-away content
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
输出:{
"ip": "127.0.0.1",
"time": "07/Jul/2022:10:43:30",
"method": "POST",
"url": "/PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog",
"request_time": "0.024",
"request_length": "18204",
"status": "200",
"length": "37",
"ref_url": "-",
"browser": "aliyun-sdk-java",
"__time__": "1713184059"
}分隔符解析
根据分隔符分隔提取字段,输入:
127.0.0.1,07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800,POST,PutData Category=YunOsAccountOpLog,0.024,18204,200,37,-,aliyun-sdk-java原有插件:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_parse_delimiter_native
SourceKey: content
Separator: ","
Quote: '"'
Keys:
- ip
- time
- method
- url
- request_time
- request_length
- status
- length
- ref_url
- browser
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| parse-csv content as ip, time, method, url, request_time, request_length, status, length, ref_url, browser
| project-away content
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
输出:{
"ip": "127.0.0.1",
"time": "07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800",
"method": "POST",
"url": "PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog",
"request_time": "0.024",
"request_length": "18204",
"status": "200",
"length": "37",
"ref_url": "-",
"browser": "aliyun-sdk-java",
"__time__": "1713231487"
}Json 解析
解析 json 格式日志,输入:
{"url": "POST /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog HTTP/1.1","ip": "10.200.98.220",
"user-agent": "aliyun-sdk-java",
"request": "{\"status\":\"200\",\"latency\":\"18204\"}",
"time": "07/Jul/2022:10:30:28",
"__time__": "1713237315"
}原有插件:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_parse_json_native
SourceKey: content
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| parse-json content
| project-away content
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
输出:{ "url": "POST /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog HTTP/1.1",
"ip": "10.200.98.220",
"user-agent": "aliyun-sdk-java",
"request": "{\"status\":\"200\",\"latency\":\"18204\"}",
"time": "07/Jul/2022:10:30:28",
"__time__": "1713237315"
}正则解析+时间解析
根据正则表达式解析字段,并将其中的一个字段解析成日志时间,输入:
127.0.0.1,07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800,POST,PutData Category=YunOsAccountOpLog,0.024,18204,200,37,-,aliyun-sdk-java原有插件:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_parse_regex_native
SourceKey: content
Regex: ([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"
Keys:
- ip
- time
- method
- url
- request_time
- request_length
- status
- length
- ref_url
- browser
- Type: processor_parse_timestamp_native
SourceKey: time
SourceFormat: '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| parse-regexp content, '([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+)\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"' as ip, time, method, url, request_time, request_length, status, length, ref_url, browser
| extend ts=date_parse(time, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S')
| extend __time__=cast(to_unixtime(ts) as INTEGER)
| project-away ts
| project-away content
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true输出:{
"ip": "127.0.0.1",
"time": "07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800",
"method": "POST",
"url": "PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog",
"request_time": "0.024",
"request_length": "18204",
"status": "200",
"length": "37",
"ref_url": "-",
"browser": "aliyun-sdk-java",
"__time__": "1713231487"
}正则解析+过滤
根据正则表达式解析字段,并根据解析后的字段值过滤日志。输入:
127.0.0.1 - - [07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800] "POST /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog" 0.024 18204 200 37 "-" "aliyun-sdk-java"
127.0.0.1 - - [07/Jul/2022:10:44:30 +0800] "Get /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog" 0.024 18204 200 37 "-" "aliyun-sdk-java"原有插件:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_parse_regex_native
SourceKey: content
Regex: ([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"
Keys:
- ip
- time
- method
- url
- request_time
- request_length
- status
- length
- ref_url
- browser
- Type: processor_filter_regex_native
FilterKey:
- method
- status
FilterRegex:
- ^(POST|PUT)$
- ^200$
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| parse-regexp content, '([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"' as ip, time, method, url, request_time, request_length, status, length, ref_url, browser
| project-away content
| where regexp_like(method, '^(POST|PUT)#39;) and regexp_like(status, '^200#39;)
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true输出:{
"ip": "127.0.0.1",
"time": "07/Jul/2022:10:43:30",
"method": "POST",
"url": "/PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog",
"request_time": "0.024",
"request_length": "18204",
"status": "200",
"length": "37",
"ref_url": "-",
"browser": "aliyun-sdk-java",
"__time__": "1713238839"
}脱敏
将日志中的敏感信息脱敏。输入:
{"account":"1812213231432969","password":"04a23f38"}原有插件:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_desensitize_native
SourceKey: content
Method: const
ReplacingString: "******"
ContentPatternBeforeReplacedString: 'password":"'
ReplacedContentPattern: '[^"]+'
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| parse-regexp content, 'password":"(\S+)"' as password
| extend content=replace(content, password, '******')
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true输出:{
"content": "{\"account\":\"1812213231432969\",\"password\":\"******\"}",
"__time__": "1713239305"
}拓展插件对比
Cloud Native
添加字段
在输出结果中添加字段,输入:
this is a test log原有插件:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_add_fields
Fields:
service: A
IgnoreIfExist: false
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| extend service='A'
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
输出:{
"content": "this is a test log",
"service": "A",
"__time__": "1713240293"
}Json 解析+丢弃字段
解析 json 并删除解析后的指定字段。输入:
{"key1": 123456, "key2": "abcd"}原有插件:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_parse_json_native
SourceKey: content
- Type: processor_drop
DropKeys:
- key1
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| parse-json content
| project-away content
| project-away key1
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true输出:{ "key2": "abcd",
"__time__": "1713245944"
}Json 解析+重命名字段
解析 json 并重命名解析后的字段。输入:
{"key1": 123456, "key2": "abcd"}原有插件:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_parse_json_native
SourceKey: content
- Type: processor_rename
SourceKeys:
- key1
DestKeys:
- new_key1
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| parse-json content
| project-away content
| project-rename new_key1=key1
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true输出:{
"new_key1": "123456",
"key2": "abcd",
"__time__": "1713249130"
}Json 解析+过滤日志
解析 json 并根据字段条件过滤日志。输入:
{"ip": "10.**.**.**", "method": "POST", "browser": "aliyun-sdk-java"}
{"ip": "10.**.**.**", "method": "POST", "browser": "chrome"}
{"ip": "192.168.**.**", "method": "POST", "browser": "aliyun-sls-ilogtail"}原有插件:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_parse_json_native
SourceKey: content
- Type: processor_filter_regex
Include:
ip: "10\\..*"
method: POST
Exclude:
browser: "aliyun.*"
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| parse-json content
| project-away content
| where regexp_like(ip, '10\..*') and regexp_like(method, 'POST') and not regexp_like(browser, 'aliyun.*')
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true输出:{
"ip": "10.**.**.**",
"method": "POST",
"browser": "chrome",
"__time__": "1713246645"
}Json 解析+字段值映射处理
解析 json 并根据字段值的不同,映射为不同的值。输入:
{"_ip_":"192.168.0.1","Index":"900000003"}
{"_ip_":"255.255.255.255","Index":"3"}原有插件:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_parse_json_native
SourceKey: content
- Type: processor_dict_map
MapDict:
"127.0.0.1": "LocalHost-LocalHost"
"192.168.0.1": "default login"
SourceKey: "_ip_"
DestKey: "_processed_ip_"
Mode: "overwrite"
HandleMissing": true
Missing: "Not Detected"
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| parse-json content
| project-away content
| extend _processed_ip_=
CASE
WHEN _ip_ = '127.0.0.1' THEN 'LocalHost-LocalHost'
WHEN _ip_ = '192.168.0.1' THEN 'default login'
ELSE 'Not Detected'
END
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true输出:{
"_ip_": "192.168.0.1",
"Index": "900000003",
"_processed_ip_": "default login",
"__time__": "1713259557"
}字符串替换
替换日志中的指定字符串。输入:
hello,how old are you? nice to meet you原有插件:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_string_replace
SourceKey: content
Method: const
Match: "how old are you?"
ReplaceString: ""
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| extend content=replace(content, 'how old are you?', '')
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
输出:{ "content": "hello, nice to meet you",
"__time__": "1713260499"
}数据编码与解码
Base64
对日志进行 Base64 加密。输入:
this is a test log原有插件:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_base64_encoding
SourceKey: content
NewKey: content1
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| extend content1=to_base64(cast(content as varbinary))
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
输出:{ "content": "this is a test log",
"content1": "dGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3QgbG9n",
"__time__": "1713318724"
}MD5
对日志进行 MD5 加密。输入:
hello,how old are you? nice to meet you原有插件:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_string_replace
SourceKey: content
Method: const
Match: "how old are you?"
ReplaceString: ""
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
SPL:enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| extend content1=lower(to_hex(md5(cast(content as varbinary))))
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true输出:{
"content": "this is a test log",
"content1": "4f3c93e010f366eca78e00dc1ed08984",
"__time__": "1713319673"
}新增能力项
Cloud Native
数学计算
输入:4。SPL:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| extend val = cast(content as double)
| extend power_test = power(val, 2)
| extend round_test = round(val)
| extend sqrt_test = sqrt(val)
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true输出:{
"content": "4",
"power_test": 16.0,
"round_test": 4.0,
"sqrt_test": 2.0,
"val": 4.0,
"__time__": "1713319673"
}URL 计算
URL 编码解码
输入:
https://homenew.console.aliyun.com/home/dashboard/ProductAndServiceSPL:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| extend encoded = url_encode(content)
| extend decoded = url_decode(encoded)
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true输出:
{
"content": "https://homenew.console.aliyun.com/home/dashboard/ProductAndService",
"decoded": "https://homenew.console.aliyun.com/home/dashboard/ProductAndService",
"encoded": "https%3A%2F%2Fhomenew.console.aliyun.com%2Fhome%2Fdashboard%2FProductAndService",
"__time__": "1713319673"
}URL 提取
输入:
https://sls.console.aliyun.com:443/lognext/project/dashboard-all/logsearch/nginx-demo?accounttraceid=d6241a173f88471c91d3405cda010ff5ghdwSPL:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| extend host = url_extract_host(content)
| extend query = url_extract_query(content)
| extend path = url_extract_path(content)
| extend protocol = url_extract_protocol(content)
| extend port = url_extract_port(content)
| extend param = url_extract_parameter(content, 'accounttraceid')
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true输出:
{
"content": "https://sls.console.aliyun.com:443/lognext/project/dashboard-all/logsearch/nginx-demo?accounttraceid=d6241a173f88471c91d3405cda010ff5ghdw",
"host": "sls.console.aliyun.com",
"param": "d6241a173f88471c91d3405cda010ff5ghdw",
"path": "/lognext/project/dashboard-all/logsearch/nginx-demo",
"port": "443",
"protocol": "https",
"query": "accounttraceid=d6241a173f88471c91d3405cda010ff5ghdw",
"__time__": "1713319673"
}比较&逻辑运算符
输入:
{"num1": 199, "num2": 10, "num3": 9}SPL:
enable: true
inputs:
- Type: input_file
FilePaths:
- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:
- Type: processor_spl
Script: |
*
| parse-json content
| extend compare_result = cast(num1 as double) > cast(num2 as double) AND cast(num2 as double) > cast(num3 as double)
flushers:
- Type: flusher_stdout
OnlyStdout: true
输出:{ "compare_result": "true",
"content": "{\"num1\": 199, \"num2\": 10, \"num3\": 9}",
"num1": "199",
"num2": "10",
"num3": "9",
"__time__": "1713319673"
}其他
更多能力请参考:https://help.aliyun.com/zh/sls/user-guide/function-overview
欢迎大家补充更多 iLogtail SPL 实践案例!
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