$ kubectl -n istio-demo exec -ti front-tomcat-v1-78cf497978-ppwwk -c front-tomcat bash
# curl bill-service:9999

$ kubectl -n istio-demo exec -ti front-tomcat-v1-78cf497978-ppwwk -c istio-proxy bash
# curl bill-service:9999

可以发现，在front-tomcat中的访问请求，是受到我们设置的 9：1的流量分配规则限制的，但是istio-proxy中的访问是不受限制的。

istio-proxy自身，发起的往10.244.0.17的请求，使用的用户是 uid=1337(istio-proxy)，因此不会被istio-init初始化的防火墙规则拦截，可以直接走pod的网络进行通信。

istio服务网格内，流量请求完全绕过了kube-proxy组件

通过上述流程调试，我们可以得知，front-tomcat中访问bill-service:9999，流量是没有用到kube-proxy维护的宿主机中的iptables规则的。

普通的ingress文件如下：

root@test-k8s-master1:~/istio-demo/gateway-ex# cat front-tomcat-ingress.yaml 
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: apisix
  name: front-tomcat
  namespace: istio-demo
spec:
  rules:
  - host: tomcat.istio-demo.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: front-tomcat
          servicePort: 8080
        path: /
        pathType: Prefix

这种ingress不是在服务网格的内部，当通过这种方式访问时会出现轮询的方式访问而创建的DestinationRule，和VirtualService 路由规则不生效需要使用如下的方式进行配置

只有网格内部访问会遵从virtualservice的规则，在宿主机中直接访问Service的ClusterIP还是按照默认的规则转发。

Ingress：对接ingress controller，实现外部流量进入集群内部，只适用于 HTTP 流量，使用方式也很简单，只能对 service、port、HTTP 路径等有限字段匹配来路由流量，这导致它无法路由如 MySQL、Redis 和各种私有 RPC 等 TCP 流量。要想直接路由南北向的流量，只能使用 Service 的 LoadBalancer 或 NodePort，前者需要云厂商支持，后者需要进行额外的端口管理。有些 Ingress controller 支持暴露 TCP 和 UDP 服务，但是只能使用 Service 来暴露，Ingress 本身是不支持的，例如 nginx ingress controller，服务暴露的端口是通过创建 ConfigMap 的方式来配置的。

使用ingressgateway访问网格服务

对于入口流量管理，您可能会问：为什么不直接使用 Kubernetes Ingress API ？原因是 Ingress API 无法表达 Istio 的路由需求。 Ingress 试图在不同的 HTTP 代理之间取一个公共的交集，因此只能支持最基本的 HTTP 路由，最终导致需要将代理的其他高级功能放入到注解（annotation）中，而注解的方式在多个代理之间是不兼容的，无法移植。

Istio Gateway 通过将 L4-L6 配置与 L7 配置分离的方式克服了 Ingress 的这些缺点。 Gateway 只用于配置 L4-L6 功能（例如，对外公开的端口，TLS 配置），所有主流的L7代理均以统一的方式实现了这些功能。然后，通过在 Gateway 上绑定 VirtualService 的方式，可以使用标准的 Istio 规则来控制进入 Gateway 的 HTTP 和 TCP 流量。

front-tomcat-gateway.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: front-tomcat-gateway
  namespace: istio-demo
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway # use istio default controller
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 80
      name: http
      protocol: HTTP
    hosts:
    - tomcat.istio-demo.com

其他资源

ingress文件

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: apisix
  name: front-tomcat
  namespace: istio-demo
spec:
  rules:
  - host: tomcat.istio-demo.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: front-tomcat
          servicePort: 8080
        path: /
        pathType: Prefix

deployment文件 -v2

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    app: front-tomcat
    version: v2
  name: front-tomcat-v2
  namespace: istio-demo
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: front-tomcat
      version: v2
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/path: /stats/prometheus
        prometheus.io/port: "15020"
        prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
        sidecar.istio.io/interceptionMode: REDIRECT
        sidecar.istio.io/status: '{"version":"8e6e902b765af607513b28d284940ee1421e9a0d07698741693b2663c7161c11","initContainers":["istio-init"],"containers":["istio-proxy"],"volumes":["istio-envoy","istio-data","istio-podinfo","istio-token","istiod-ca-cert"],"imagePullSecrets":null}'
        traffic.sidecar.istio.io/excludeInboundPorts: "15020"
        traffic.sidecar.istio.io/includeOutboundIPRanges: '*'
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        app: front-tomcat
        istio.io/rev: ""
        security.istio.io/tlsMode: istio
        version: v2
    spec:
      containers:
      - command:
        - /bin/sh
        - -c
        - echo 'hello tomcat version2'>/opt/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/index.html;/opt/tomcat/bin/deploy-and-run.sh;
        image: harbor.assistfc.com/middleware/tomcat-7.0:latest
        name: front-tomcat
        resources: {}
      - args:
        - proxy
        - sidecar
        - --domain
        - $(POD_NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local
        - --serviceCluster
        - front-tomcat.$(POD_NAMESPACE)
        - --proxyLogLevel=warning
        - --proxyComponentLogLevel=misc:error
        - --trust-domain=cluster.local
        - --concurrency
        - "2"
        env:
        - name: JWT_POLICY
          value: third-party-jwt
        - name: PILOT_CERT_PROVIDER
          value: istiod
        - name: CA_ADDR
          value: istiod.istio-system.svc:15012
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: INSTANCE_IP
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: status.podIP
        - name: SERVICE_ACCOUNT
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: spec.serviceAccountName
        - name: HOST_IP
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: status.hostIP
        - name: CANONICAL_SERVICE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.labels['service.istio.io/canonical-name']
        - name: CANONICAL_REVISION
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.labels['service.istio.io/canonical-revision']
        - name: PROXY_CONFIG
          value: |
            {"proxyMetadata":{"DNS_AGENT":""}}
        - name: ISTIO_META_POD_PORTS
          value: |-
            [
            ]
        - name: ISTIO_META_APP_CONTAINERS
          value: front-tomcat
        - name: ISTIO_META_CLUSTER_ID
          value: Kubernetes
        - name: ISTIO_META_INTERCEPTION_MODE
          value: REDIRECT
        - name: ISTIO_META_WORKLOAD_NAME
          value: front-tomcat-v2
        - name: ISTIO_META_OWNER
          value: kubernetes://apis/apps/v1/namespaces/istio-demo/deployments/front-tomcat-v2
        - name: ISTIO_META_MESH_ID
          value: cluster.local
        - name: DNS_AGENT
        - name: ISTIO_KUBE_APP_PROBERS
          value: '{}'
        image: harbor.assistfc.com/middleware/proxyv2:1.7.3
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        name: istio-proxy
        ports:
        - containerPort: 15090
          name: http-envoy-prom
          protocol: TCP
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 30
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz/ready
            port: 15021
          initialDelaySeconds: 1
          periodSeconds: 2
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "2"
            memory: 1Gi
          requests:
            cpu: 10m
            memory: 40Mi
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            drop:
            - ALL
          privileged: false
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsGroup: 1337
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 1337
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/istio
          name: istiod-ca-cert
        - mountPath: /var/lib/istio/data
          name: istio-data
        - mountPath: /etc/istio/proxy
          name: istio-envoy
        - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/tokens
          name: istio-token
        - mountPath: /etc/istio/pod
          name: istio-podinfo
      initContainers:
      - args:
        - istio-iptables
        - -p
        - "15001"
        - -z
        - "15006"
        - -u
        - "1337"
        - -m
        - REDIRECT
        - -i
        - '*'
        - -x
        - ""
        - -b
        - '*'
        - -d
        - 15090,15021,15020
        env:
        - name: DNS_AGENT
        image: harbor.assistfc.com/middleware/proxyv2:1.7.3
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        name: istio-init
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "2"
            memory: 1Gi
          requests:
            cpu: 10m
            memory: 10Mi
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_ADMIN
            - NET_RAW
            drop:
            - ALL
          privileged: false
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
          runAsGroup: 0
          runAsNonRoot: false
          runAsUser: 0
      securityContext:
        fsGroup: 1337
      volumes:
      - emptyDir:
          medium: Memory
        name: istio-envoy
      - emptyDir: {}
        name: istio-data
      - downwardAPI:
          items:
          - fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.labels
            path: labels
          - fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.annotations
            path: annotations
        name: istio-podinfo
      - name: istio-token
        projected:
          sources:
          - serviceAccountToken:
              audience: istio-ca
              expirationSeconds: 43200
              path: istio-token
      - configMap:
          name: istio-ca-root-cert
        name: istiod-ca-cert
status: {}
---

deployment -v1

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    app: front-tomcat
    version: v1
  name: front-tomcat-v1
  namespace: istio-demo
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: front-tomcat
      version: v1
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/path: /stats/prometheus
        prometheus.io/port: "15020"
        prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
        sidecar.istio.io/interceptionMode: REDIRECT
        sidecar.istio.io/status: '{"version":"8e6e902b765af607513b28d284940ee1421e9a0d07698741693b2663c7161c11","initContainers":["istio-init"],"containers":["istio-proxy"],"volumes":["istio-envoy","istio-data","istio-podinfo","istio-token","istiod-ca-cert"],"imagePullSecrets":null}'
        traffic.sidecar.istio.io/excludeInboundPorts: "15020"
        traffic.sidecar.istio.io/includeOutboundIPRanges: '*'
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        app: front-tomcat
        istio.io/rev: ""
        security.istio.io/tlsMode: istio
        version: v1
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: harbor.assistfc.com/middleware/tomcat-7.0:latest
        name: front-tomcat
        resources: {}
      - args:
        - proxy
        - sidecar
        - --domain
        - $(POD_NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local
        - --serviceCluster
        - front-tomcat.$(POD_NAMESPACE)
        - --proxyLogLevel=warning
        - --proxyComponentLogLevel=misc:error
        - --trust-domain=cluster.local
        - --concurrency
        - "2"
        env:
        - name: JWT_POLICY
          value: third-party-jwt
        - name: PILOT_CERT_PROVIDER
          value: istiod
        - name: CA_ADDR
          value: istiod.istio-system.svc:15012
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: INSTANCE_IP
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: status.podIP
        - name: SERVICE_ACCOUNT
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: spec.serviceAccountName
        - name: HOST_IP
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: status.hostIP
        - name: CANONICAL_SERVICE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.labels['service.istio.io/canonical-name']
        - name: CANONICAL_REVISION
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.labels['service.istio.io/canonical-revision']
        - name: PROXY_CONFIG
          value: |
            {"proxyMetadata":{"DNS_AGENT":""}}
        - name: ISTIO_META_POD_PORTS
          value: |-
            [
            ]
        - name: ISTIO_META_APP_CONTAINERS
          value: front-tomcat
        - name: ISTIO_META_CLUSTER_ID
          value: Kubernetes
        - name: ISTIO_META_INTERCEPTION_MODE
          value: REDIRECT
        - name: ISTIO_META_WORKLOAD_NAME
          value: front-tomcat-v1
        - name: ISTIO_META_OWNER
          value: kubernetes://apis/apps/v1/namespaces/istio-demo/deployments/front-tomcat-v1
        - name: ISTIO_META_MESH_ID
          value: cluster.local
        - name: DNS_AGENT
        - name: ISTIO_KUBE_APP_PROBERS
          value: '{}'
        image: harbor.assistfc.com/middleware/proxyv2:1.7.3
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        name: istio-proxy
        ports:
        - containerPort: 15090
          name: http-envoy-prom
          protocol: TCP
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 30
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz/ready
            port: 15021
          initialDelaySeconds: 1
          periodSeconds: 2
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "2"
            memory: 1Gi
          requests:
            cpu: 10m
            memory: 40Mi
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            drop:
            - ALL
          privileged: false
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsGroup: 1337
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 1337
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/istio
          name: istiod-ca-cert
        - mountPath: /var/lib/istio/data
          name: istio-data
        - mountPath: /etc/istio/proxy
          name: istio-envoy
        - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/tokens
          name: istio-token
        - mountPath: /etc/istio/pod
          name: istio-podinfo
      initContainers:
      - args:
        - istio-iptables
        - -p
        - "15001"
        - -z
        - "15006"
        - -u
        - "1337"
        - -m
        - REDIRECT
        - -i
        - '*'
        - -x
        - ""
        - -b
        - '*'
        - -d
        - 15090,15021,15020
        env:
        - name: DNS_AGENT
        image: harbor.assistfc.com/middleware/proxyv2:1.7.3
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        name: istio-init
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "2"
            memory: 1Gi
          requests:
            cpu: 10m
            memory: 10Mi
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_ADMIN
            - NET_RAW
            drop:
            - ALL
          privileged: false
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
          runAsGroup: 0
          runAsNonRoot: false
          runAsUser: 0
      securityContext:
        fsGroup: 1337
      volumes:
      - emptyDir:
          medium: Memory
        name: istio-envoy
      - emptyDir: {}
        name: istio-data
      - downwardAPI:
          items:
          - fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.labels
            path: labels
          - fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.annotations
            path: annotations
        name: istio-podinfo
      - name: istio-token
        projected:
          sources:
          - serviceAccountToken:
              audience: istio-ca
              expirationSeconds: 43200
              path: istio-token
      - configMap:
          name: istio-ca-root-cert
        name: istiod-ca-cert
status: {}
---

vs-dt文件

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: front-tomcat
  namespace: istio-demo
spec:
  hosts:
  - front-tomcat
  http:
  - name: front-tomcat-route
    route:
    - destination:
        host: front-tomcat
        subset: v1
      weight: 90
    - destination:
        host: front-tomcat
        subset: v2
      weight: 10
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: front-tomcat
  namespace: istio-demo
spec:
  host: front-tomcat
  subsets:
  - name: v1
    labels:
      version: v1
  - name: v2
    labels:
      version: v2

效果是在Istio的ingress网关上加了一条规则，允许`tomcat.istio-demo.com 的外部http流量进入到网格中，但是只是接受访问和流量输入，当流量到达这个网关时，它还不知道发送到哪里去。

网关已准备好接收流量，我们必须告知它将收到的流量发往何处，这就用到了前面使用过的VirtualService。

要为进入上面的 Gateway 的流量配置相应的路由，必须为同一个 host 定义一个 VirtualService，并使用配置中的 gateways 字段绑定到前面定义的 Gateway 上

测试

curl -v -HHost:tomcat.istio-demo.com 10.41.18.10:32309
至此流量达到9：1

这种的话vs绑定的gateway对应的策略才会生效别的不影响

istio中的流量异常问题（istio流量控制）

使用ingressgateway访问网格服务

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