刘心向学(25)Python中的虚拟环境（python虚拟环境安装和配置）

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Today, the editor brings you an article. “Liu Xinxiang (25) Virtual Environments in Python”

Welcome to your visit.

一、思维导图（Mind Map）

二、引言（Introduction）

在Python开发中，虚拟环境（Virtual Environments）是一种非常实用的工具。它通过创建独立的环境来隔离项目依赖，避免不同项目之间的依赖冲突。本文将简要介绍虚拟环境的基本概念、其优势以及如何使用，并通过几个实际例子展示其应用。

Virtual environments are a highly practical tool in Python development. They isolate project dependencies by creating independent environments, avoiding conflicts between dependencies of different projects. This article briefly introduces the basic concepts of virtual environments, their advantages, and how to use them, along with several practical examples to demonstrate their applications.

三、什么是虚拟环境？（What is a Virtual Environment?）

虚拟环境是一个自包含的目录，其中包含了Python解释器和所需的第三方库。每个虚拟环境都有独立的依赖管理，确保项目的依赖不会相互干扰。常用的工具包括：

A virtual environment is a self-contained directory that includes a Python interpreter and the required third-party libraries. Each virtual environment has its own dependency management, ensuring that the dependencies of one project do not interfere with others. Commonly used tools include:

venv：Python 3.3及以上版本自带的标准库。

venv: A standard library included in Python 3.3 and above.

virtualenv：功能更强大的第三方工具。

virtualenv: A more powerful third-party tool.

四、虚拟环境的优势(Advantages of Virtual Environments)

依赖隔离：每个项目拥有独立的依赖关系，避免版本冲突。

Dependency Isolation: Each project has its own independent dependencies, avoiding version conflicts.

简化依赖管理：通过 requirements.txt 文件记录和复制依赖。

Simplified Dependency Management: Dependencies can be recorded and replicated using a requirements.txt file.

便于测试：可以在不同的环境中快速部署和测试代码。

Ease of Testing: Code can be quickly deployed and tested in different environments.

五、创建和使用虚拟环境(Creating and Using Virtual Environments)

创建虚拟环境

Creating a Virtual Environment

此命令会在当前目录下创建名为 myenv 的虚拟环境。

This command creates a virtual environment named myenv in the current directory.

激活虚拟环境

Activating the Virtual Environment

Windows:

macOS/Linux:

激活后，命令行提示符会显示虚拟环境的名字。

Once activated, the name of the virtual environment will appear in the command prompt.

安装和导出依赖

Installing and Exporting Dependencies

安装依赖：

Install dependencies:

导出依赖到 requirements.txt：

Export dependencies to requirements.txt:

在新环境中安装依赖：

Install dependencies in a new environment:

六、实例：项目间的依赖隔离(Example: Dependency Isolation Between Projects)

假设两个项目需要不同版本的Flask。为每个项目创建独立的虚拟环境：

Suppose two projects require different versions of Flask. You can create separate virtual environments for each project:

项目A：

Project A:

项目B：

Project B:

这样，两个项目可以互不干扰地运行。

This way, the two projects can run without interfering with each other.

七、总结(Summary)

虚拟环境：提供隔离的环境管理依赖，防止冲突。

Virtual Environments: Provide isolated environments for managing dependencies, preventing conflicts.

简化依赖管理：通过 requirements.txt 文件轻松记录和复制依赖。

Simplified Dependency Management: Easily record and replicate dependencies using a requirements.txt file.

灵活性高：适用于个人开发和团队协作。

High Flexibility: Suitable for both individual development and team collaboration.

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参考资料：通义千问

参考文献：Beazley, D., & Jones, B. K. (2019). Python Cookbook (3rd ed.). O'Reilly Media.

Hettinger, R. (2019). Transforming Code into Beautiful, Idiomatic Python. PyCon US.

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