2025年必学的Python自动化办公的6个实用脚本及其代码示例。这些脚本涵盖了文件备份、邮件通知、网页抓取、报告生成、数据处理和团队协作等多个场景，帮助用户高效完成日常办公任务。

1. 自动备份文件

自动备份文件是确保数据安全的重要任务。以下脚本使用shutil库将指定文件夹中的文件备份到目标目录，并添加时间戳以区分不同版本的备份。

import shutil

import os

from datetime import datetime

def backup_files(source_dir, backup_dir):

# 创建备份目录（如果不存在）

if not os.path.exists(backup_dir):

os.makedirs(backup_dir)

# 获取当前时间戳

timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")

# 遍历源目录并复制文件

for filename in os.listdir(source_dir):

source_file = os.path.join(source_dir, filename)

if os.path.isfile(source_file):

backup_file = os.path.join(backup_dir, f"{timestamp}_{filename}")

shutil.copy2(source_file, backup_file)

print(f"Backed up: {filename} to {backup_file}")

# 示例调用

source_directory = "/path/to/source"

backup_directory = "/path/to/backup"

backup_files(source_directory, backup_directory)

2. 发送电子邮件通知

通过smtplib和email库，可以编写脚本自动发送电子邮件通知。以下脚本演示如何发送带有附件的邮件。

python

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import smtplibfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.base import MIMEBasefrom email import encodersdef send_email(sender, receiver, subject, body, attachment_path=None):
# 设置邮件内容
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = sender
msg['To'] = receiver
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain'))

# 添加附件
if attachment_path:
with open(attachment_path, "rb") as attachment:
part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
part.set_payload(attachment.read())
encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', f'attachment; filename={attachment_path}')
msg.attach(part)

# 发送邮件
with smtplib.SMTP('smtp.example.com', 587) as server:
server.starttls()
server.login(sender, "your_password")
server.send_message(msg)
print("Email sent successfully!")# 示例调用sender_email = "your_email@example.com"receiver_email = "receiver@example.com"subject = "Automated Email Notification"body = "This is an automated email sent using Python."attachment_path = "/path/to/attachment.txt"send_email(sender_email, receiver_email, subject, body, attachment_path)

3. 自动下载网页内容

使用requests和BeautifulSoup库，可以编写脚本自动下载网页内容并保存到本地文件。

python

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import requestsfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupdef download_webpage(url, output_file):
# 发送HTTP请求
response = requests.get(url)
if response.status_code == 200:
# 解析网页内容
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
# 保存网页内容到文件
with open(output_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
file.write(soup.prettify())
print(f"Webpage saved to {output_file}")
else:
print(f"Failed to download webpage. Status code: {response.status_code}")# 示例调用url = "https://www.example.com"output_file = "webpage.html"download_webpage(url, output_file)

4. 生成PDF报告

使用ReportLab库，可以自动化生成PDF格式的报告。以下脚本生成一个简单的PDF报告。

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from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letterfrom reportlab.pdfgen import canvasdef generate_pdf_report(output_file, title, content):
# 创建PDF文件
c = canvas.Canvas(output_file, pagesize=letter)
c.setFont("Helvetica", 12)

# 添加标题
c.drawString(100, 750, title)

# 添加内容
y_position = 700
for line in content:
c.drawString(100, y_position, line)
y_position -= 20

# 保存PDF
c.save()
print(f"PDF report generated: {output_file}")# 示例调用output_file = "report.pdf"title = "Monthly Report"content = ["Section 1: Introduction", "Section 2: Data Analysis", "Section 3: Conclusion"]generate_pdf_report(output_file, title, content)

5. 自动整理Excel数据

使用Pandas库，可以自动化整理Excel数据。以下脚本读取多个Excel文件并合并数据。

python

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import pandas as pdimport osdef merge_excel_files(directory, output_file):
# 获取目录中的所有Excel文件
excel_files = [f for f in os.listdir(directory) if f.endswith('.xlsx')]

# 合并数据
combined_data = pd.DataFrame()
for file in excel_files:
file_path = os.path.join(directory, file)
data = pd.read_excel(file_path)
combined_data = pd.concat([combined_data, data], ignore_index=True)

# 保存合并后的数据
combined_data.to_excel(output_file, index=False)
print(f"Data merged and saved to {output_file}")# 示例调用directory = "/path/to/excel_files"output_file = "combined_data.xlsx"merge_excel_files(directory, output_file)

6. 自动发送Slack消息

使用slack_sdk库，可以编写脚本自动发送消息到Slack频道。

python

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from slack_sdk import WebClientfrom slack_sdk.errors import SlackApiErrordef send_slack_message(token, channel, message):
# 初始化Slack客户端
client = WebClient(token=token)

try:
# 发送消息
response = client.chat_postMessage(channel=channel, text=message)
print("Message sent successfully!")
except SlackApiError as e:
print(f"Error sending message: {e.response['error']}")# 示例调用slack_token = "xoxb-your-slack-token"channel_name = "#general"message_text = "This is an automated message sent from Python!"send_slack_message(slack_token, channel_name, message_text)

总结

以上6个脚本展示了Python在自动化办公中的强大能力。通过掌握这些脚本，用户可以显著提高工作效率，减少重复性任务的时间消耗。随着Python生态系统的不断发展，其在自动化办公领域的应用将更加广泛和深入。