运维自动化之实用python代码汇总（python自动化运维常用模块）

本文总结了运维工作中经常用到的一些实用代码块，方便在需要的时候直接搬过来使用即可

1.执行系统命令，获取返回结果

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT
cp = Popen('dir', stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT, shell=True)
info=str(cp.stdout.readline().decode())
print(info)

2.时间处理及格式转换

#当前时间格式化
import datetime,time
data=datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print(data)     #2020-02-05 10:22:17

#格式化转timeStamp
data=time.mktime(time.strptime('2020-07-09T14:49:51Z', "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"))
print(data)    #1594277391.0

#timeStamp转格式化
import datetime
data=datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1551576293.0).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(data)    #2019-03-03 09:24:53

#时间差
import time
data = int(time.time())-int(time.mktime(time.strptime('2020-07-09T14:49:51Z', "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")))
print(data)     #345s

#格式化时间加减
data=datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.mktime(time.strptime('2013-10-10 23:40:00', "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))+8*3600).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(data)     #2013-10-11 07:40:00

3.钉钉发送消息

为什么写这段呢，主要是使用python自带的urllib包，而不是使用requests，本着能使用自带的，就不使用其他的原则，写了这段代码

##############python3############################ 
from urllib import request
import os,json
def DingDing(msg):
    url='https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxxxxx'
    data = {"msgtype": "text", "text": {"content": "%s\n脚本路径:%s" % (msg,os.path.realpath(__file__))}, "at": {"atMobiles": ["xxxxxxxx"], "isAtAll": False}}
    req = request.Request(url=url,data=json.dumps(data).encode("utf-8"),headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'},method='POST')
    response = request.urlopen(req)
    return response.read().decode()

##############python2############################ 
import urllib2,json
def DingDing(msg):
    url='https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'
    data = {"msgtype": "text", "text": {"content": msg}, "at": {"atMobiles": ["xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"], "isAtAll": False}}
    request = urllib2.Request(url=url,headers={'Content-Type':'application/json'},data=json.dumps(data))
    response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
    return response.read()

4.日志配置

####日志自动切割
import time,sys,os,logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
log_obj = logging.getLogger()
fileHandle = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(os.path.join(sys.path[0], 'cron_ops.log'),when='d',interval=1,backupCount=10)
fileHandle.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] - %(levelname)s: %(message)s'))
log_obj.addHandler(fileHandle)
log_obj.info("日志内容")
####日志打印到控制台
import time,sys,logging
console_log = logging.getLogger()
console_log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
streamHandle = logging.StreamHandler()
streamHandle.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] - %(levelname)s: %(message)s'))
console_log.addHandler(streamHandle)
console_log.info("日志打印")

5.加解密代码

本代码也支持中文加解密，使用前需要先安装pycryptodome包

#pip3 install pycryptodome #https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/cryptography/
from Crypto.Cipher import DES3
import base64
class EncryptData:
    def __init__(self):
        self.key = "5YIGo8frLeqUAewDo2AVkNKU"
        self.iv = b'xluhjoLD'
        self.length = DES3.block_size
        self.unpad = lambda date: date[0:-ord(date[-1])]
    def pad(self, text):
        count = len(text.encode('utf-8'))
        add = self.length - (count % self.length)
        entext = text + (chr(add) * add)
        return entext
    def encrypt(self, encrData):
        self.des3 = DES3.new(self.key, DES3.MODE_CBC, self.iv)
        res = self.des3.encrypt(self.pad(encrData).encode("utf8"))
        msg = str(base64.b64encode(res), encoding="utf8")
        return msg
    def decrypt(self, decrData):
        self.des3 = DES3.new(self.key, DES3.MODE_CBC, self.iv)
        res = base64.decodebytes(decrData.encode("utf8"))
        msg = self.des3.decrypt(res).decode("utf8")
        return self.unpad(msg)
eg = EncryptData()
res = eg.encrypt("13918密钥的长度必须是16238353")
print(res) ####YtO3hoYxnohOtWgH2UrYh1nDZ58+QmksVbWLVDBJVg4kfaQWASCzAw==
print(eg.decrypt(res))  ####13918密钥的长度必须是16238353

6.字典key转对象

class selfAttrDict(dict):
    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
        self.__setitem__(key, value)
    def __getattr__(self, item):
        return self.__getitem__(item)
    def __delattr__(self, item):
        self.__delitem__(item)
dicrs={"name":"dfddfdffd"}
ss=selfAttrDict(dicrs)
print(ss.name)   ####dfddfdffd