CentOS 7下安装Python 3.10的完整过程

1.安装相应的编译工具

yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
yum install -y libffi-devel zlib1g-dev
yum install zlib* -y

2.下载安装包

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.1/Python-3.10.1.tar.xz

3.解压

tar -xvJf Python-3.10.1.tar.xz

4.创建编译安装目录

mkdir /usr/local/python3

5.CentOS7升级openssl版本

1）查看openssl版本

openssl version

2）下载最新的openssl

wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1m.tar.gz --no-check-certificate

3）解压并编译安装

yum -y install perl
tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1m.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.1m
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
make && make install
mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.bak
ln -sf /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
echo "/usr/local/openssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig -v

6.升级gcc版本

安装CentOS软件集：yum install -y centos-release-scl

安装编译工具链：yum install -y devtoolset-8-toolchain

启用新的工具链：scl enable devtoolset-8 bash

7.安装Python-3.10

cd Python-3.10.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl --enable-shared --enable-optimizations
make && make install

8.创建软链接

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip.bak
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

9.验证是否成功

echo "/usr/local/python3/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig -v
python3 -V
pip3 -V

附：pip使用国内源的方法

在当前用户目录下创建.pip文件夹

mkdir ~/.pip
vi pip.conf
[global]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
index-url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/