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机器学习入门(1):Ubuntu16.04环境搭建安装Python3.7 | 100%实战

off999 2024-09-27 13:44 42 浏览 0 评论

1.Ubuntu软件升级命令（按顺序执行）

sudo apt-get update

apt list --upgradable

sudo apt-get upgrade

sudo apt autoremove

我遇到的问题：

(1)sudo: vim: command not found

解决方法：

sudo apt-get install vim

(2)E: Failed to fetch http://117.128.6.12/cache/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/grub2/grub2-common_2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.22_amd64.deb?ich_args2=506-06151709003100_03466d0f580b09cd4906efeeea766694_10001002_9c896229d7c4f4d9903e518939a83798_0a370599ab6dd043b5e3f3b75cea162b Connection failed

解决方法：

vim /etc/resolv.conf

添加nameserver 8.8.8.8

2.在Ubuntu上安装Python3.7.4

ubuntu默认的python是

rookie@ubuntu:~$ python
Python 2.7.12 (default, Nov 12 2018, 14:36:49)
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

所以在终端输入了一下python3，发现是python3.5

rookie@ubuntu:~$ python3
Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 12 2018, 13:43:14)
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

版本都不是最新的，下面是安装最新版本的步骤：

(1)下载网址：在https://www.python.org/ftp/python/中选择自己需要的python源码包，我下载的是python3.7.4

rookie@ubuntu:~/Downloads$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.4/Python-3.7.4.tgz

(2)解压Python-3.7.4.tgz

tar -zxvf Python-3.7.4.tgz

(3)建立一个空文件夹，用于存放python3程序

mkdir /home/rookie/Desktop/local/python3

(4)进入到刚才解压的Python3.7.4文件夹中，执行配置文件，编译，编译安装

cd Python-3.7.4
#./configure --prefix=/home/rookie/Desktop/local/python3（试验有问题）
./configure --prefix=/home/rookie/Desktop/local/python3 --enable-optimizations --with-ssl
make && make install

(5)执行make && make install结果报错了

zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
Makefile:1132: recipe for target 'install' failed
make: *** [install] Error 1

解决方法：

sudo apt install yum
sudo apt-get install net-tools

之后再make install还是报错

一般来说著名的linux系统基本上分两大类：
1 RedHat系列：Redhat、Centos、Fedora等
2 Debian系列：Debian、Ubuntu等
RedHat 系列：
1 常见的安装包格式 rpm 包，安装rpm包的命令是 “rpm -参数”
2 包管理工具 yum
3 支持tar包
Debian系列
1 常见的安装包格式 deb 包，安装deb包的命令是 “dpkg -参数”
2 包管理工具 apt-get
3 支持tar包
所以你Ubuntu不该用yum 该用apt-get
转载,文章原始出处:) 博客园:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenxiaomeng/

su之后

apt-get install zlib*

然后再重新make && make install报错

from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'
Makefile:1132: recipe for target 'install' failed
make: *** [install] Error 1

参考https://www.jianshu.com/p/81e65f237368，执行

sudo apt-get install --reinstall zlibc zlib1g zlib1g-dev
sudo apt-get install libffi-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev -y

(6)再次make && make install

Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-19.0.3 setuptools-40.8.0

安装完成没有错误提示，成功安装

如果遇到下面的问题
ln: failed to create symbolic link '/usr/bin/python': File exists
说明已经有链接链到 /usr/bin/python上了，删除即可，使用命令
rm -rf /usr/bin/python
注意python后面不能加斜杠

(7)建立软连接

root@ubuntu:/home/rookie/Downloads/Python-3.7.4# ln -s /home/rookie/Desktop/local/python3/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3.7
root@ubuntu:/home/rookie/Downloads/Python-3.7.4# ln -s /home/rookie/Desktop/local/python3/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip3

(8)输入Python3

root@ubuntu:/home/rookie/Downloads/Python-3.7.4# python3
Python 3.7.4 (default, Aug 6 2019, 16:57:38)
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
[5]+ Stopped python3

至此，Ubuntu的Python3已经更新到最新版本了。

ubuntu卸载python